Equipment of Individual Nourishment, Agency of Eating Science and Peoples Nutrition, Farming College or university regarding Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.Yards.); (V.B.); (A good.Z.)
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Abstract
All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink
1. Introduction
Drinks regarding the types of teas, java, milk products, juice, soft drinks, diet plan drinks, energy drinks and you can alcohol are available in a big and you may broadening level of selection. Assortment meets flavor choices, nutritional standards, and you may lives need, and in case various beverages come, it’s prone to started to euhydration .
Drinks lead as much as twenty five%–50% away from drinking habits [2,step three,4], hence he could be necessary for appointment day-after-day h2o requires and having euhydration. Moisture could have been with the restoration out-of normal physical and you can intellectual properties .
Although not, this has been debated that drinks contribute significantly towards the increasing carrying excess fat rates worldwide [six,7], simply because of their energy posts [8,nine,10]. In a number of studies, Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSB) use might have been with the gaining weight in children and you may people , if you’re research that coming down SSBs usually decrease the chance of carrying excess fat and you will related disorder such as for instance diabetes has been viewed since the powerful . Energy consumption from drinks has grown significantly for the past forty age of the approximately 222 calorie consumption each person everyday .
However, products from the individuals kinds do not lead just as in order to times consumption . The ability articles of your drink together with practices patterns may indicate or even, we.e., some caloric products could be consumed barely thus contributing very little to everyday time consumption he has a good point. It has been debated one substitution sweetened caloric beverages having h2o can help treat overall time intake in the fat people . However, usage of sweetened caloric drinks are an intricate topic that can be looked at outside the caloric sum and in the newest framework away from weight-loss models .
Also, simultaneously to food use, individuals points such as for instance seasonality, exercise account and you may sex make a difference to the latest assortment in the take in alternatives and contribution to help you total energy consumption. These types of items haven’t been fully examined; subsequent degree of this type usually elucidate the current question of times consumption from dieting offer and you will of beverages specifically.
For the a past studies presented for the Greece, utilizing the Liquid Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) device, i unearthed that in 984 grownups, 24% of drinking habits arises from beverages . You will find an enthusiastic unequivocal need to subsequent specialized throughout these findings, elucidating the new share away from beverages to help you total energy intake and harmony.
